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25
To:
Subject: Explanation
of API Material Type 1, 2, 3, & 4.
Question:
I work for a supply
company, and occasionally I receive calls from customers
that want me to supply them with
API Spec 6A flanges. They tell me
they want the flanges made from steel they call Material Type 2, 3, or
4. This causes a lot of confusion and I can't find any reference
to these Material Types in API Spec 6A.
Can you provide any information
about this subject?
Answer:
API Spec 6A 14th Edition and previous editions
designated material strength for Bodies, Bonnets, End Connections, and
Loose pieces (Connectors such as Flanges and Hubs) by reference to
Material Types. The following 2 tables taken directly from API Spec 6A
14th Edition display the properties and application of these Material
Types.
Table 1.4 A
Physical and Chemical Properties**
(Taken from API Spec 6A 14th Ed. page 13)
| Property |
Type 1 |
Type 2 |
Type 3 |
Type 4 |
|
|
Tensile Strength, min.,
psi (MPa) |
70,000 (483) |
90,000 (621) |
100,000 (690) |
70,000 (483) |
|
Yield Strength, min., psi (MPa) |
36,000 (248) |
60,000 (414) |
75,000 (517) |
45,000 (310) |
| Elongation in 2 in.,
min., percent |
22 |
18 |
17 |
19 |
| Reduction in area, min.,
percent |
30 |
35 |
35 |
32 |
|
| Carbon, max., percent |
† |
† |
† |
0.35 |
| Manganese, max., percent |
† |
† |
† |
0.90 |
| Sulfur,
max., percent |
† |
† |
† |
0.05 |
| Phosphorus,
max., percent |
† |
† |
† |
0.05 |
|
|
**The designation, Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and
Type 4 is a nomenclature selected by the API Committee on
Standardization of Valves and Wellhead Equipment to identify
material falling within the ranges of tensile requirements
listed above.
† Chemical
analysis of Type 1, 2, and 3 materials are purposely omitted
from this specification in order to provide the manufacturer
with complete freedom to develop steels most suitable for the
multiplicity of requirements encountered in this critical
service. |
NOTE
1: Flanges made from Type 4 steel are recognized as readily
weldable, however experience indicates that a moderate
preheating is desirable under all conditions, and is necessary
if welding is done at ambient temperatures below 40°F (4°C).
NOTE
2: Comparisons of the physical properties of the material used
in API and ANSI flange connections as well as the applicable
pressure ratings are given in Appendix A. |
|
Table 1.4 E
Material Application
API Material Types Shown
(Taken from API Spec 6A 14th Ed. page 13)
|
|
1000
(69) |
2000
(138) |
3000
(207) |
5000
(345) |
10,000
(690) |
15,000
(1035) |
20,000
(1380) |
|
|
1. |
Body (Valve, Christmas Tree or Wellhead
Equipment) |
--- |
2 or
1* |
2 or
1* |
2 or
1* |
2 or
1* |
3 |
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
a) Integral End Connection |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Flanged |
--- |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
| |
|
Threaded |
--- |
2 |
2 |
2 |
--- |
--- |
--- |
|
|
Clamp Type |
--- |
--- |
--- |
2 |
2 |
--- |
--- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 2 |
Bonnets |
--- |
1, 2
3, 4 |
1, 2
3, 4 |
1, 2
3, 4 |
1, 2
3, 4 |
1, 2
3, 4 |
1, 2
3, 4 |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 3 |
Independent Screwed Equipment |
1, 2
3, 4 |
1, 2
3, 4 |
--- |
--- |
--- |
--- |
--- |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 4 |
Loose Pieces |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Weld-neck Flange |
--- |
4 |
4 |
4 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
| |
|
Blind Flange |
--- |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
|
|
Threaded Flange |
--- |
2 |
2 |
2 |
--- |
--- |
--- |
|
|
* |
Providing
end connections are Type 2 and welding is done according to
Paragraph 1.5.2.
NOTE 1: 1 Bar = 100 kPa.
(To convert Bar to MPa, move decimal one place to left) |
|
With the publication of API Spec 6A 16th Edition, the
Material Type designations disappeared and the current reference to
material Yield Strengths replaced them. The
governing API committee decided that because equipment design
requirements use material Yield Strength
as the principal element of design, reduction of
Tensile Strength requirements would allow wider
acceptance of material after the new application of specific composition
(Chemistry)
and Brinell Hardness limits. The following tables now appear in API Spec 6A 19th
Edition.
Table 4 - Standard material applications for bodies, bonnets and
end and outlet connections
(Taken directly from API Spec 6A 19th Ed. page 33)
| Part |
Pressure ratings
psi (MPa)
|
| 2000 (13.8) |
3000 (20.7) |
5000 (34.5) |
10 000 (69.0) |
15 000 (103.5) |
20 000 (138.0) |
| Material
designation |
|
Body,a bonnet |
36K, 45K
60K, 75K
NSb |
36K, 45K
60K, 75K
NS |
36K, 45K
60K, 75K
NS |
36K, 45K
60K, 75K
NS |
45K, 60K,
75K, NS |
60K,
75K,
NS |
|
Integral end connection |
|
|
Flanged
Threaded
Other c |
60K, 75K,
NS |
60K, 75K,
NS |
60K, 75K,
NS |
60K, 75K,
NS |
75K,
NS |
75K,
NS |
60K, 75K,
NS |
60K, 75K,
NS |
60K, 75K,
NS |
NA |
NA |
NA |
|
c |
c |
c |
c |
c |
c |
| Loose connectors |
|
|
Welding neck
Blind
Threaded
Other |
45K |
45K |
45K |
60K,
75K,
NS |
75K, NS |
75K, NS |
60K,
75K,
NS |
60K,
75K,
NS |
60K,
75K,
NS |
60K,
75K,
NS |
75K, NS |
75K, NS |
60K,
75K,
NS |
60K,
75K,
NS |
60K,
75K,
NS |
NA |
NA |
NA |
|
c |
c |
c |
c |
c |
c |
| a |
If end connections are of the material
designation indicated, welding is in accordance with Clause 6
and design is in accordance with Clause 4. |
| b |
NS indicates non-standard materials as
defined in 4.3.3 and 5.4.1 A). |
| c |
As specified by manufacturer. |
|
Table 5 - Standard material property requirements for bodies,
bonnets and end and outlet connections
(Taken directly from API Spec 6A 19th Ed. page 33)
| Material designation |
0.2 % Yield strength min.
psi
(MPa) |
Tensile strength min.
psi (MPa) |
Elongation in
2 inches (50 MM)
min.
% |
Reduction in area
min.
% |
| 36K
45k
60K
75K |
36 000 (248)
45 000 (310)
60 000 (414)
75 000 (517) |
70 000 (483)
70 000 (483)
85 000 (586)
95 000 (655) |
21
19
18
17 |
No requirement
32
35
35 |
To summarize everything above, the following table
shows the old Material Types and current Material Designations that
replace them.
|
API 6A 14th Ed. and earlier
Material Types |
API 6A 19th Ed.
Material Designations |
API 6A 19th Ed.
Minimum Brinell Hardness |
| Type 1 |
36 K |
HBW* 140 |
|
Type 2 |
60 K |
HBW* 174 |
|
Type 3 |
75 K |
HBW* 197 |
|
Type 4 |
45 K |
HBW* 140 |
|
* |
HBW indicates the hardness taken utilizing a
10 mm carbide ball, 3000 kg load. |
|
For more
information on currently specified API Spec 6A and 16A materials, Click
Here.
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